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Feature Extraction of MRI Brain Images for the Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Sandeep C. S.,
Sukesh Kumar A.,
K. Mahadevan,
Manoj P.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
35-42
Received:
9 April 2017
Accepted:
2 May 2017
Published:
26 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20170102.11
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Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of senile dementia. Although the understanding of key steps underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is incomplete, it is clear that it begins long before symptoms are noticed by patient. Conventional clinical decision making systems are more manual in nature and ultimate conclusion in terms of exact diagnosis is remote. In this case, the employment of advanced Biomedical Engineering Technology will definitely helpful for making diagnosis. Any disease modifying treatments which are developed are most possibly to be achieving success if initiated early in the process, and this needs that we tend to develop reliable, validated and economical ways to diagnose Alzheimer’s kind pathology. However, despite comprehensive searches, no single test has shown adequate sensitivity and specificity, and it is likely that a combination will be needed. Profiling of human body parameter using computers can be utilised for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. There are several imaging techniques used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s type pathology. There are lot of tests and neuroimaging modalities to be performed for an effective diagnosis of the disease. Prominent of them are Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission CT Scanning (SPECT), MRI Imaging and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In this research we have proposed a new scheme based on Wavelet Networks (WN) for the feature extraction of MRI brain images for the early diagnosis of AD. The database of MRI images were obtained from Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation (SGMC&RF), Trivandrum, India.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of senile dementia. Although the understanding of key steps underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is incomplete, it is clear that it begins long before symptoms are noticed by patient. Conventional clinical decision making systems are more manual in nature and ultimate conclusion in terms...
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Strategic Evaluation of Biofuels as a Dependable Solution for Our Energy Crisis in Nigeria
Nwosu-Obieogu Kenechi,
Aguele Felix,
Chiemenem Linus,
Adekunle Kayode
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
43-48
Received:
27 April 2017
Accepted:
9 May 2017
Published:
28 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20170102.12
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Abstract: The quest for safe, secure and sustainable energy has posed one of the most critical challenges of this age. Nigeria is blessed with vast biomass resources, yet lacks the wherewithal to harness and develop a sustainable energy framework, this review highlights the complexity of biofuels which is a direct product of biomass and the sheer diversity of options already available, hence advocating biofuel as an option to solve the current energy crisis if it is economically, socially and technologically sustained and the public acceptability is maximized.
Abstract: The quest for safe, secure and sustainable energy has posed one of the most critical challenges of this age. Nigeria is blessed with vast biomass resources, yet lacks the wherewithal to harness and develop a sustainable energy framework, this review highlights the complexity of biofuels which is a direct product of biomass and the sheer diversity o...
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Development and Performance Evaluation of an Oil Palm Fruit Digester
Adepoju Bola Fashina,
Oludare Sunday Durodola,
Ibrahim Adebayo Hammed
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
49-53
Received:
8 May 2017
Accepted:
17 May 2017
Published:
28 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20170102.13
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Abstract: An oil palm fruit digester was designed, fabricated and tested. The materials for fabrication were sourced locally. The machine was tested for throughput capacity (Dc) and efficiency (η). Average throughput capacity of 330.91 kg/h and efficiency of 62.35% were obtained. Rate of digestion increased with the increase in mass of the digesting palm fruits while the efficiency of the oil palm fruit digester decreased with increase in mass of the digesting palm fruit in some cases. The machine is simple to operate and maintain.
Abstract: An oil palm fruit digester was designed, fabricated and tested. The materials for fabrication were sourced locally. The machine was tested for throughput capacity (Dc) and efficiency (η). Average throughput capacity of 330.91 kg/h and efficiency of 62.35% were obtained. Rate of digestion increased with the increase in mass of the digesting palm fru...
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Comparative Evaluation of the Methods of Palm Sap Fermentation for Bio-ethanol Production
Ubong David Offiong,
Godwin Edem Akpan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
54-57
Received:
10 March 2017
Accepted:
18 May 2017
Published:
3 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20170102.14
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Abstract: This paper evaluates the methods of fermenting palm sap for bio ethanol production and compares the yield. A survey was carried out in three local government in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien Udim, Ikot Abasi and Uruan local government area. Personal interviews were conducted with local palm wine dealers and questionnaires distributed. Three types of palm trees were found dominant in these areas; oil, raphia and nypa palm tree. The sap from these three palm trees were used in investigation. Two methods were investigated; natural and yeasted fermentation using saccharomyces cerevisae. 60% respondents of the questionnaires agreed on using additives to speed up fermentation. Experiments were carried out in which the result shows that yeasted fermentation yields more alcohol than natural fermentation and also reduce the period of fermentation.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the methods of fermenting palm sap for bio ethanol production and compares the yield. A survey was carried out in three local government in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien Udim, Ikot Abasi and Uruan local government area. Personal interviews were conducted with local palm wine dealers and questionnaires distributed. Three type...
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Selection of High Acid Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria and Potential Application in Pineapple Juice Fermentation
Huynh Xuan Phong,
Mach Tu Quyen,
Nguyen Ngoc Thanh,
Bui Hoang Dang Long,
Ngo Thi Phuong Dung
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
58-64
Received:
22 March 2017
Accepted:
16 May 2017
Published:
3 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20170102.15
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Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are used popularly for fruit juice fermentation because they are good sources of probiotics for human. In this study, ten lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 7 samples of naturally fermented pineapple juice. All isolates could grow in the MRS medium pH 1.5 and reach high densities (6.80 – 6.95 log CFU/mL) after 2 h of incubation at 37°C. Moreover, Lactobacillus sp. Y1 produced highest lactic acid concentration (1.20% w/v) and identified as L. acidophilus. The different diluted ratios of pineapple juice (0, 10, 20 and 30% w/v) and different sucrose supplementations (0, 3, 6, and 9% w/v) were used for testing fermenting capacity of L. acidophilus Y1. The undiluted pineapple juice with 9% (w/v) of sucrose supplementation was found to be suitable for fermentation. Based on the results of sensory evaluation and bacterial density determination, the favorable conditions for pineapple fermentation were determined as follow: initial bacterial level at 5.0 log cells/mL, fermentation time for 36 h at 37°C. The results of storage testing showed that the suitable temperature for product storage was 4 – 6°C, bacterial density (8.06 log CFU/mL) of final product was maintained up to 3 weeks.
Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are used popularly for fruit juice fermentation because they are good sources of probiotics for human. In this study, ten lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 7 samples of naturally fermented pineapple juice. All isolates could grow in the MRS medium pH 1.5 and reach high densities (6.80 – 6.95 log CFU/mL) after 2 h of incub...
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