The mass flow rate (MFR) of maize grain is essential in determining appropriate size of orifice for flow control. There are several simulation models for MFR that have been developed. However, there is need for a reliable simulation model for MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices. In this paper, the Beverloo, British Code of Practice (BCP) and Tudor simulation models for MFR were validated. The experimental results used in validation were obtained by discharging 12.0 kg of maize grain (Hybrid 614 variety) through horizontal circular orifices with diameters ranging from 0.040 m to 0.056 m. The time taken for the grain to flow through the orifices was recorded and MFR determined. The moisture content of the maize grain used was 11.4%, wet basis. The actual MFR ranged from 720 kg/h to 1735 kg/h, 650 kg/h to 2006 kg/h for Beverloo, 851 kg/h to 2378 kg/h for BCP and 867 kg/h to 2010 kg/h for Tudor model. The data analysis showed that none of the simulation models results best fitted the experimental. Therefore, New model was established based on MATLAB R2019a curve fitting tool. The New model results corroborated with the experimental. In addition, the models performance evaluation results showed that the New model had higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9965), lower root mean square error (RMSE = 24.8 kg/h), lower absolute residual error (εr = 0.6%) and higher simulation performance at 10% residual error (ηsim,10% = 100%) than Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model. This implied that the New model was more reliable for simulating MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices compared with Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model.
| Published in | Bioprocess Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.be.20220602.16 |
| Page(s) | 40-45 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Validation, Simulation Models, Mass Flow Rate, Maize Grain, Horizontal Circular Orifices
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APA Style
Meshack Kipruto Korir, Musa Rugiri Njue, Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga. (2022). Validation of Simulation Models for Mass Flow Rate of Maize Grain Through Horizontal Circular Orifices. Bioprocess Engineering, 6(2), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20220602.16
ACS Style
Meshack Kipruto Korir; Musa Rugiri Njue; Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga. Validation of Simulation Models for Mass Flow Rate of Maize Grain Through Horizontal Circular Orifices. Bioprocess Eng. 2022, 6(2), 40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.be.20220602.16
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Download@article{10.11648/j.be.20220602.16,
author = {Meshack Kipruto Korir and Musa Rugiri Njue and Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga},
title = {Validation of Simulation Models for Mass Flow Rate of Maize Grain Through Horizontal Circular Orifices},
journal = {Bioprocess Engineering},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {40-45},
doi = {10.11648/j.be.20220602.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20220602.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.be.20220602.16},
abstract = {The mass flow rate (MFR) of maize grain is essential in determining appropriate size of orifice for flow control. There are several simulation models for MFR that have been developed. However, there is need for a reliable simulation model for MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices. In this paper, the Beverloo, British Code of Practice (BCP) and Tudor simulation models for MFR were validated. The experimental results used in validation were obtained by discharging 12.0 kg of maize grain (Hybrid 614 variety) through horizontal circular orifices with diameters ranging from 0.040 m to 0.056 m. The time taken for the grain to flow through the orifices was recorded and MFR determined. The moisture content of the maize grain used was 11.4%, wet basis. The actual MFR ranged from 720 kg/h to 1735 kg/h, 650 kg/h to 2006 kg/h for Beverloo, 851 kg/h to 2378 kg/h for BCP and 867 kg/h to 2010 kg/h for Tudor model. The data analysis showed that none of the simulation models results best fitted the experimental. Therefore, New model was established based on MATLAB R2019a curve fitting tool. The New model results corroborated with the experimental. In addition, the models performance evaluation results showed that the New model had higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9965), lower root mean square error (RMSE = 24.8 kg/h), lower absolute residual error (εr = 0.6%) and higher simulation performance at 10% residual error (ηsim,10% = 100%) than Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model. This implied that the New model was more reliable for simulating MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices compared with Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of Simulation Models for Mass Flow Rate of Maize Grain Through Horizontal Circular Orifices AU - Meshack Kipruto Korir AU - Musa Rugiri Njue AU - Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga Y1 - 2022/12/08 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20220602.16 DO - 10.11648/j.be.20220602.16 T2 - Bioprocess Engineering JF - Bioprocess Engineering JO - Bioprocess Engineering SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8701 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.be.20220602.16 AB - The mass flow rate (MFR) of maize grain is essential in determining appropriate size of orifice for flow control. There are several simulation models for MFR that have been developed. However, there is need for a reliable simulation model for MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices. In this paper, the Beverloo, British Code of Practice (BCP) and Tudor simulation models for MFR were validated. The experimental results used in validation were obtained by discharging 12.0 kg of maize grain (Hybrid 614 variety) through horizontal circular orifices with diameters ranging from 0.040 m to 0.056 m. The time taken for the grain to flow through the orifices was recorded and MFR determined. The moisture content of the maize grain used was 11.4%, wet basis. The actual MFR ranged from 720 kg/h to 1735 kg/h, 650 kg/h to 2006 kg/h for Beverloo, 851 kg/h to 2378 kg/h for BCP and 867 kg/h to 2010 kg/h for Tudor model. The data analysis showed that none of the simulation models results best fitted the experimental. Therefore, New model was established based on MATLAB R2019a curve fitting tool. The New model results corroborated with the experimental. In addition, the models performance evaluation results showed that the New model had higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9965), lower root mean square error (RMSE = 24.8 kg/h), lower absolute residual error (εr = 0.6%) and higher simulation performance at 10% residual error (ηsim,10% = 100%) than Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model. This implied that the New model was more reliable for simulating MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices compared with Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -
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